Insights from the
hardware floor.
Real lessons from building connected devices for superyachts, luxury hotels, and industrial environments. No fluff — just engineering.
Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) w przemysłowym IoT: 10BASE-T1L
Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) i standard 10BASE-T1L przenoszą IP na jedną parę żył — do 1000 m zasięgu i zasilanie w jednym kablu. Przewodnik po zastosowaniach w IIoT.
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) w przemysłowym IoT
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) wnosi deterministyczna, niskolatencyjna komunikacje do standardowego Ethernetu — fundament konwergencji IT/OT w przemyslowym IoT.
Magistrala CAN i CANopen w przemysłowym IoT
Jak działa magistrala CAN i CANopen w przemysłowym IoT: ramki, CAN FD, PDO/SDO oraz integracja sieci CAN z chmurą przez bramkę MQTT i OPC UA.
IO-Link w przemysłowym IoT: cyfrowy standard czujników
IO-Link to punkt-punkt cyfrowy interfejs czujników i aktuatorów w IIoT. Wyjaśniamy zasadę działania, parametry techniczne oraz integrację z PLC i chmurą.
Power over Ethernet (PoE) w IoT: zasilanie i dane w kablu
Power over Ethernet (PoE) w IoT laczy zasilanie i dane w jednym kablu Ethernet — poznaj standardy 802.3af/at/bt, klasy mocy do 90 W i zasady projektowania urzadzen.
Czujniki MEMS w IoT: budowa, rodzaje i dobór
Czym są czujniki MEMS, jak działają i jak dobrać akcelerometr, żyroskop czy barometr do projektu IoT — parametry, zastosowania i integracja na PCB.
Fuzja sensoryczna w IoT: łączenie danych z czujników
Czym jest fuzja sensoryczna w IoT, jak filtr Kalmana i komplementarny łączą dane z IMU 9-DoF oraz kiedy przetwarzać je na brzegu sieci.
Energy harvesting w IoT: zasilanie czujników bez baterii
Jak zasilać czujniki IoT bez baterii energią z otoczenia — fotowoltaika, TEG, drgania i RF, układy PMIC oraz budżet energetyczny urządzenia.
eSIM i iSIM w IoT: łączność komórkowa dla urządzeń
eSIM i iSIM zmieniają sposób łączenia urządzeń IoT z sieciami komórkowymi — zdalny provisioning profili, jeden numer katalogowy na cały świat i niższy koszt eksploatacji floty.
Zephyr RTOS for IoT: A Real-Time Operating System
Zephyr RTOS is an open-source real-time operating system for IoT. Explore its kernel, networking stack, comparison with FreeRTOS, and OTA and security support.
Secure Boot in IoT: Trusted Startup and Encrypted Flash
Secure boot protects IoT devices against firmware tampering. Learn about the Root of Trust, encrypted flash, anti-rollback, and deployment on ESP32 and STM32.
Time-Series Databases in IoT: The Complete Guide
A time-series database is the foundation of IoT telemetry. We explain how a TSDB works, which one to choose, and how to design retention, downsampling, and an efficient data model.
MQTT Sparkplug B: Interoperability in Industrial IoT
MQTT Sparkplug B adds a standardized namespace, Protobuf encoding, and state management to MQTT, delivering device interoperability in industrial IoT.
Edge Computing in IoT: Architecture, Benefits, and Deployment
Edge computing in IoT moves processing to the edge of the network, close to the sensors. We explain the layered architecture, benefits, protocols, and practical deployment.
CE and FCC Certification for IoT Devices: The Complete Guide
IoT device certification step by step: the CE mark and RED directive, FCC Part 15, EMC and radio standards, EN 18031 cybersecurity, plus real costs and timelines.
LwM2M in IoT: The Standard for Device Fleet Management
The LwM2M protocol (OMA Lightweight M2M) is a standard for managing IoT device fleets: bootstrap, registration, OTA, and DTLS security over CoAP.
5G RedCap in IoT: A Guide to NR-Light
5G RedCap (NR-Light) is a lightweight 5G variant for mid-throughput IoT. Learn its parameters, how it compares with NB-IoT and LTE-M, and its use cases.
UWB Positioning in IoT: Precise RTLS Location
UWB (Ultra-Wideband) positioning delivers location accuracy of 10–30 cm. We explain how RTLS works, compare the technologies, and cover deployment in IoT.
OPC UA in Industrial IoT: Architecture and Security
OPC UA is an open communication standard for industrial IoT. Learn its architecture, information model, client-server and PubSub modes, and security.
Bluetooth Low Energy in IoT: Protocol, GATT, and Range
Bluetooth Low Energy in IoT: how BLE works, the GAP and GATT layers, range and power consumption, Bluetooth mesh, beacons, and when to choose BLE for a project.
Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) in IoT: Range and Use Cases
Wi-Fi HaLow (IEEE 802.11ah) is a sub-1 GHz standard for IoT: up to 1 km range, up to 8,191 devices, and low power draw. Learn its parameters and use cases.
The IoT Gateway: Architecture and Edge Protocols
What an IoT gateway is, which protocols it supports, and how to design its architecture and security. A practical guide from FSS.
Energy Efficiency in IoT: How to Extend Battery Life
How to achieve energy efficiency in IoT and extend battery life — sleep modes, LPWAN networks, the energy budget, and energy harvesting in practice.
Predictive Maintenance in IIoT: The Complete Guide
Predictive maintenance in IIoT lets you anticipate machine failures using sensors and data analysis. Learn the architecture, ROI, and step-by-step deployment.
Smart Metering: An IoT Guide
What smart metering is and how to build a reliable smart metering system in IoT — AMI architecture, protocols, networks, and security.
IoT Device Provisioning: Zero-Touch Fleet Onboarding
What IoT device provisioning is and how to implement secure, automated zero-touch fleet onboarding — from device identity to cloud registration.
CoAP in IoT: How It Works and When to Use It
CoAP is a lightweight communication standard for resource-constrained IoT devices. We explain how it works, how to secure it with DTLS, and when to choose it over MQTT.
Zigbee in IoT: Mesh Network, Profiles, and Use Cases
The Zigbee protocol in IoT — how the mesh network works, how it differs from Matter, Thread, BLE, and Wi-Fi, and when it is worth choosing for deployment.
Digital Twins in IoT: Architecture and Deployment
What digital twins in IoT are, what their architecture looks like, and how to deploy them in industry step by step.
PCB Assembly: SMT and THT Technologies in Electronics
What PCB assembly involves, how SMT differs from THT, and what the process and quality control look like.
PCB Assembly: Solder Paste, Stencil, and Pick-and-Place
How PCB assembly works: solder paste, the stencil, pick-and-place machines, plus the most common defects and how to avoid them.
Matter and Thread: The Future of IoT Interoperability
The Matter standard and the Thread network are unifying the IoT world. We explain how they work and what they mean for device manufacturers.
AI Agents in Industrial IoT: From Predictive Maintenance to Autonomous Operations
AI agents move IoT beyond dashboards into systems that perceive, reason, and act. Here is how to architect them safely across factories, hotels, and yachts.
Kubernetes (AKS) for IoT Backends: Multi-Tenant Architecture That Scales to Millions of Devices
An engineering guide to running multi-tenant IoT backends on Azure Kubernetes Service: ingest, processing, KEDA autoscaling, GitOps, time-series storage and cost control at millions-of-devices scale.
CI/CD for Embedded Firmware: GitHub Actions + PlatformIO Pipeline for ESP32
Firmware deserves the same CI/CD discipline as cloud code. Here is a battle-tested GitHub Actions pipeline for ESP32 and STM32 with matrix builds, HIL, and signed OTA delivery.
Cold-Chain IoT: LoRa-Based Temperature Monitoring for Pharma and Food
How to design LoRaWAN cold-chain monitoring for pharmaceuticals and food: sensor selection, enclosure design, gateway placement, compliance, alerting and a real 50-truck cost breakdown.
GEST in Action: How an IoT Service-Call System Cuts Hotel Response Time and Lifts Guest Satisfaction
A deep look at GEST, the wireless in-room service-call system that replaces phones and door tags with one-press buttons, staff apps, analytics dashboards, and measurable NPS lift in luxury hotels.
LoRaWAN vs NB-IoT vs LTE-M: Choosing the Right Network for Asset Tracking
LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, and LTE-M each win different asset-tracking scenarios. A side-by-side technical comparison with TCO numbers and reference architectures.
Modbus RTU and TCP for Retrofit Industrial IoT: Bridging Legacy PLCs to Azure
A field-tested guide to bridging decades-old Modbus PLCs into Azure IoT Hub: protocol fundamentals, RS-485 wiring, ESP32 gateway code, polling strategy, and security for brownfield factories.
PMS Integration for Smart Hotels: Connecting Opera, Mews and Apaleo to IoT Room Controls
A practical engineering guide to connecting Oracle Opera Cloud, Mews and Apaleo with IoT room controls, GEST service-call workflows, energy management and guest preference automation.
Building a SwiftUI Companion App for BLE IoT Devices: Patterns and Pitfalls
A practical guide to building production SwiftUI companion apps for BLE IoT devices: connection state machines, async/await CoreBluetooth wrappers, OTA flows, background limits, and App Store gotchas.
TinyML on ESP32-S3: Running TensorFlow Lite Micro for Edge AI Inference
Edge ML on ESP32-S3 is no longer a science project. Here is how to deploy TFLite Micro models for keyword spotting and anomaly detection with real benchmarks.
Marine Navigation Technology: AIS, GPS and Vessel Monitoring with IoT
How modern superyachts use AIS, GPS, and IoT sensor monitoring for navigation, safety, and fleet management — the YIS platform from FSS Technology.
X.509 Certificates for IoT: Zero-Trust Device Authentication
How to implement X.509 certificate-based device authentication for IoT — CA hierarchy, device provisioning, mutual TLS, certificate rotation, and Azure IoT Hub DPS integration.
Real-Time IoT Dashboard with WebSockets and React: Architecture Guide
How to build a real-time IoT monitoring dashboard — WebSocket architecture with Azure SignalR, React state management for high-frequency updates, and live charts.
Smart Superyacht Technology: IoT on Luxury Vessels
How FSS Technology builds connected superyachts — GEST service calls, OMNIYON A/V control, YIS vessel monitoring, and Nuvlock smart access in a single stack.
Smart Access Control: Beyond the RFID Card with Perrugi
How next-generation smart access control combines WiFi 6, NFC, biometrics, and mobile apps — the Nuvlock system from FSS Technology for luxury hotels and superyachts.
IoT Prototype to Production: Scaling from 10 to 10,000 Units
The practical challenges of scaling IoT hardware from prototype to mass production — DFM, component sourcing, manufacturing partner selection, test strategy, and yield improvement.
OTA Firmware Updates at Scale: IoT Fleet Update Architecture
How to implement reliable OTA firmware updates for large IoT fleets — staged rollouts, rollback, delta updates, and Azure IoT Hub Device Twin integration.
MQTT Protocol for IoT: QoS, Retained Messages and Last Will Explained
Complete guide to MQTT for IoT — QoS levels, retained messages, Last Will and Testament, topic design, and broker selection for production deployments.
Luxury Yacht A/V Control: How OMNIYON Unifies Entertainment and Comfort
How unified A/V and comfort control works on superyachts — streaming integration, multi-zone audio, climate and lighting control, and the OMNIYON system from FSS Technology.
Testing IoT Devices: From Unit Tests to Field Validation
Comprehensive testing strategy for IoT hardware and firmware — unit tests, hardware-in-loop testing, network simulation, field validation, and regression testing for production releases.
IoT Security Best Practices: Protecting Connected Devices from Attack
Practical IoT security checklist — device authentication, encrypted firmware, secure boot, TLS 1.3, hardware security modules, network segmentation for production devices.
From Idea to Shipped IoT Product: The Complete Development Guide
End-to-end guide to IoT product development — from concept through PCB design, firmware, cloud, mobile app, manufacturing, and post-launch support.
Building an IoT Data Pipeline with Azure Event Hubs and Azure Functions
Step-by-step guide to scalable IoT data pipelines on Azure — from IoT Hub routing to Event Hubs, Azure Functions processing, and Time Series storage.
CE and FCC Certification for IoT Devices: What Manufacturers Need to Know
Practical guide to CE and FCC certification for IoT hardware — RED directive, FCC Part 15, pre-compliance testing, test houses, timelines, and certification strategies.
Smart Hotel Technology: IoT Service Call Systems for Luxury Hospitality
How modern luxury hotels deploy IoT wireless service call systems — BLE buttons, real-time staff routing, PMS integration, and analytics with GEST.
FreeRTOS for IoT: Real-Time Operating System on ESP32 and STM32
How to use FreeRTOS in IoT firmware — tasks, queues, semaphores, watchdog patterns, and real-world multi-task architecture.
ESP32 vs STM32: Which MCU for Your IoT Project?
Practical comparison of ESP32 and STM32 for IoT hardware — power, connectivity, ecosystem, and when to choose each based on 10+ years deploying both.
Protecting IoT Firmware: Signing, Encryption and Secure Boot
How to protect IoT firmware from reverse engineering and tampering — firmware signing, flash encryption, secure boot chains, and OTA security for ESP32 and STM32 devices.
Edge Computing for IoT: When to Process on Device vs in the Cloud
Decision framework for IoT edge vs cloud processing — latency requirements, bandwidth costs, offline operation, privacy constraints, and ML inference at the edge on ESP32-S3.
How to Design a Custom IoT PCB: From Schematic to Fabrication
Step-by-step guide to custom IoT PCB design — schematic capture, component selection, RF antenna layout, power design, DFM rules, and fabrication file generation.
BLE vs WiFi for IoT Devices: Power, Range, and When to Use Each
Practical comparison of BLE and WiFi for IoT — power consumption, range, mesh capabilities, and real battery life data from deployed FSS devices.
Designing Battery-Powered IoT Devices for 5-Year Runtime
How to design IoT hardware that runs for years on a single battery — power profiling, MCU sleep modes, duty cycle optimisation, and real results from FSS deployed devices.
Azure IoT Hub for Device Manufacturers: Complete Integration Guide
How device manufacturers use Azure IoT Hub — device provisioning, D2C messaging, Device Twins, direct methods, and production-grade architecture patterns.